The Perceptual Experience Of Slope By Foot And By Finger

Historically, the bodily senses have often been regarded as impeccable sources of spatial information and as being the teacher of vision. Here, the authors report that the haptic perception of slope by means of the foot is greatly exaggerated. The exaggeration is present in verbal as well as proprioceptive judgments. It is shown that this misperception of pedal slope is not caused by calibration to the well-established visual misperception of slope because it is present in congenitally blind individuals as well. The pedal misperception of slope is contrasted with the perception of slope by dynamic touch with a finger in a force-feedback device. Although slopes feel slightly exaggerated even when explored by finger, they tend to show much less exaggeration than when equivalent slopes are stood on. The results are discussed in terms of a theory of coding efficiency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)(journal abstract

Hydrogenated and deuterated iron clusters: Infrared spectra and density functional calculations

Iron clusters react sequentially with hydrogen molecules to form multiply hydrogenated products. The increases in cluster ionization potential upon reaction verify that hydrogen chemisorbs dissociatively to form iron cluster–hydride complexes, FenHm. At low source temperatures, the cluster–hydride complexes take up additional hydrogen molecules which are shown to be physisorbed onto the underlying FenHm complexes to form FenHm(H2)p species. The infrared spectra of FenHm and FenDm (n = 9–20) were obtained by the photodissociation action spectroscopic method in which depletion of the FenHm(H2)p and FenDm(D2)p species was the signature of absorption. The spectra, recorded in the 885–1090 cm−1 region, consist of several overlapping bands, each approximately 20 cm−1 in width. The dissimilarity of each FenHm(H2)p spectrum with the corresponding FenDm(D2)p spectrum indicates that the carrier involves hydrogen and is not merely due to absorption by the underlying iron cluster. Density functional calculations were performed on model complexes, Fe13H14 and Fe13D14, the iron portion of which was assumed to have Th symmetry. The infrared-active vibrational frequencies involving hydrogen bending and deuterium stretching are predicted to lie within the experimental frequency range of the experiment, well removed from the skeletal modes of the underlying iron cluster. The complexity of the observed spectra as compared to simulations based on the assumed (high-symmetry) model imply that the experimentally produced complexes possess low symmetry

Exploring Process, Enterprise Integration and E-business Concepts in the Classroom: The Case of petPRO

This paper highlights recent curriculum innovations that have occurred in Introduction to Information Systems, a required second-year course for all students completing an undergraduate degree in business or a business minor at the Sprott School of Business, Carleton University. The goal of this course is to highlight the role of technology in business today with particular focuses on enterprise integration and enterprise systems, management decision making in a process-oriented datadriven organization, and the transformation to e-business. The concepts are introduced in lecture and are then brought to life through active learning activities as the students become a company (petPRO) and work in groups to simulate the concepts they have learned. At a second-year level, students have neither encountered all of the functional areas of a business, nor have they seen the interplay among the functions. Through the simulated company experience, students come to appreciate what all the business functions are, and they experience some of the challenges a firm goes through on the road to becoming an integrated, e-business enterprise. Hands-on technology components such as the development of a corporate intranet, a data sharing assignment, execution of the procurement process in SAP, and the course website itself all provide additional mechanisms to bring the concepts to life

RF system calibration for global Q matrix determination

The use of multiple transmission channels (known as Parallel Transmission, or PTx) provides increased control of the MRI signal formation process. This extra flexibility comes at a cost of uncertainty of the power deposited in the patient under examination: the electric fields produced by each transmitter can interfere in such a way to lead to excessively high heating. Although it is not possible to determine local heating, the global Q matrix (which allows the whole-body Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) to be known for any PTx pulse) can be measured in-situ by monitoring the power incident upon and reflected by each transmit element during transmission. Recent observations have shown that measured global Q matrices can be corrupted by losses between the coil array and location of power measurement. In this work we demonstrate that these losses can be accounted for, allowing accurate global Q matrix measurement independent of the location of the power measurement devices

English individualism refuted - and reasserted: the land market of Earls Colne (Essex), 1550-1750

This is the author's post-print version of an article whose final and definitive form has been published in The Economic History Review. © 2003 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. The definitive version is available at: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118509292/homeEarls Colne first came to the notice of historians through Macfarlane's study of its seventeenth-century vicar, Ralph Josselin, and then Macfarlane's use of evidence from the village in his The Origins of English Individualism (1978). This article presents preliminary results drawn from a computer-based reconstruction of the copyhold land market, 1546-1750, to contest Macfarlane's reading of the family-land bond in the manor. The familial possession of land over long periods is shown to be normal, and consistent with an active land market predominantly in smaller parcels. Little consolidation took place in the manor although some growth in holding size was achieved through subtenancy. Finally, the article asks whether the experience of copyholders is typical of the general.University of Central Lancashir

Role of oxygen vacancy defect states in the n-type conduction of β-Ga[sub 2]O[sub 3]

Based on semiempirical quantum-chemical calculations, the electronic band structure of β-Ga2O3 is presented and the formation and properties of oxygen vacancies are analyzed. The equilibrium geometries and formation energies of neutral and doubly ionized vacancies were calculated. Using the calculated donor level positions of the vacancies, the high temperature n-type conduction is explained. The vacancy concentration is obtained by fitting to the experimental resistivity and electron mobility